FOREIGN POLICY OF THE KHIVA KHANATE IN THE 18TH–19TH CENTURIES

Abstract

This thesis comprehensively analyzes the foreign policy activities of the Khiva Khanate in the 18th–19th centuries, geopolitical processes in the region, and the khanate's relations with neighboring states. Drawing on historical sources, the study examines diplomatic interactions and military-political connections with Persia, the Bukharan Emirate, the Kokand Khanate, Kazakh confederations, and the Russian Empire. Special attention is given to the khanate’s control over trade routes, caravan security, the issue of captives, the functioning of the slave system, and the impact of Russian expeditions on Khiva’s political orientation. The article highlights how the khanate sought to maintain relative independence in the 18th century, while increasing Russian pressure in the 19th century led to strategic shifts and eventual subordination. This research deepens the understanding of the Khiva Khanate’s role within the regional political system and its broader historical significance.