THE CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE KHIVA KHANATE IN THE LATE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURIES AND THE PHENOMENON OF KOMIL KHOREZMI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47390/ydif-y2026v2i10/n02Keywords:
Khiva Khanate, Komil Khorezmi, Pahlavon Niyoz Muhammad, Muhammad Rahimkhan II – Feruz, «Tanbur Line», Khorezm shashmaqom, Gandimiyon Treaty, Mirzo Muhammad Rasul, enlightenment.Abstract
This thesis examines the cultural advancement processes that took place in the Khiva Khanate during the second half of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, as well as the role of the statesman, poet, musicologist, and calligrapher Komil Khorezmi (Pahlavon Niyoz Muhammad) in these processes. Through comparative-historical and source-study methods, the author's biographical data, works of his contemporaries such as Ogahiy, Bayoniy, and Laffasiy, and his own literary legacy were analysed. The findings demonstrate that Komil Khorezmi was not merely a creative figure but a central personality of the literary and cultural environment shaped at the court of Muhammad Rahimkhan II – Feruz. The «Tanbur Line» musical notation system he invented prevented the extinction of the Khorezm maqom art, while its continuation by his son Mirzo Muhammad Rasul ensured the preservation of the Khorezm shashmaqom school in its original form to the present day.
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