BILINGUISM IN MULTI-ETHNIC REGIONS OF UZBEKISTAN: SAMARKAND–BUKHARA–TASHKENT AS SOCIOLINGUISTIC MODELS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47390/ydif-y2025v1i11/n07Keywords:
bilingualism, multilingualism, Uzbekistan, Russian language, Samarkand, Bukhara, Tashkent, domains of use, code-switching, language policy.Abstract
This thesis examines regional patterns of bilingualism and multilingualism in Uzbekistan, using the case studies of Samarkand, Bukhara, and Tashkent. Drawing on sociolinguistic approaches to language use domains, language ideologies, and code-switching practices, it analyzes how historical and demographic conditions, urbanization, educational trajectories, the service economy, and interregional mobility shape the differing profiles of Uzbek-Russian bilingualism. It is shown that Tashkent is more characterized by institutionally supported and functionally differentiated bilingualism with a high density of contacts and pragmatically motivated code-switching. Samarkand and Bukhara demonstrate patterns in which Uzbek-Russian bilingualism is often integrated into a broader repertoire that includes a Tajik component, while Russian serves as a resource for interethnic interaction, educational capital, and professional communication in specific domains. The findings highlight the need for regionally sensitive decisions in education policy and public communication.
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